THIS IS THE FINAL PART of the report on Wisbech and Immigration, put together by Victoria Gillick. The statistical information has been accessed through a series of Freedom of Information requests. The conclusions are Mrs Gillick's own, and you are welcome to agree with them, or disagree - as you see fit.

FOR THE FULL REPORT IN MICROSOFT WORD FORMAT (.doc) PLEASE CLICK THIS LINK

Gillick Report in Full

                 

                         No Work At All
                                                                                                                                   Cambridgeshire is at the back of the educational queue when it comes to government per-pupil funding. Coupled to this, Wisbech state secondary education has been below par for decades. To cap it all, governmental reorganisation in 2006 closed most of the Town's excellent Isle College of Further Education & Horticulture, transferring all its top-quality vocational courses in building construction and design, social care and secretarial studies, farming & animal management, music, art & drama and Sixth Form studies to the college in King's Lynn and to Milton near Cambridge. This perverse decision more or less guaranteed rising levels of youth unemployment in Fenland.....almost 45% by early 2013.³⁷ 

So it's good to learn that efforts are at last being made to improve Wisbech school standards, even if  only prompted by the realisation that a growing number of students were East European, whom local food processing companies are literally banking on for their future low-paid workforce.     

                                                

                                  Licenced To Swill

East Europeans are well known for liking a drop of the hard stuff. Liking it rather too much, actually. So it was more than somewhat ill-judged of Parliament to free-up our licensing laws just as boatloads of famously hard-drinking Slavs began arriving in Britain. The new Licensing Act came into force in 2005, transferring licence decisions from Magistrates Courts to district councils, which could henceforth allow licensees the option of all-night opening hours. Almost at once, and no doubt for sound commercial reasons, Wisbech became the Fenland town of choice for anyone seeking a late-night drinks licence. And year after year Fenland Council's Licensing Committee was obliged to accommodate these eager new liquor merchants.

Within two years of the Act, street-drinking, anti-social behaviour and drink-fuelled fights had become such a public menace in Wisbech that the police were allowed a temporary Dispersal Order in an attempt to keep the drunkards out of the Town centre. At the same time however, and despite dogged opposition from harassed police chiefs, the Council's Licensing Committee continued to hand out drink licenses to all and sundry, with the predictable result that Wisbech was soon awash with liquor and fast regressing into a crime-ridden, anti-social backwater.

In November 2008 a Designated Public Place Order (DPPO) was imposed, allowing the police to confiscate alcohol from street drinkers. The following year, Cambridgeshire Police were granted £50,000 from the government's Migration Impacts Fund for a Project Worker to deal with "domestic abuse and sexual violence in migrant communities", with alcohol being the usual cause.

  

By 2012 there were more Off Licenses in Wisbech than in any other town in the area: a total of 54 in all.......20 Pubs, 27 corner shops, five supermarkets and two fast-food take-aways, all selling booze as though the end of the world was nigh.³⁹ Three of the pubs, and all of the smaller premises, had foreign-born licensees, with one take-away open for liquor sales 85 hours a week. 

That year the Police dealt with 100 reports of street drinking, 393 rowdy incidents linked to alcohol, and had made 64 arrests. They had also ordered 54 groups of people to leave the DPPO area, issued 19 fixed penalty fines of £50, and confiscated 183 cans and bottles of alcohol.   

By the year's end the police finally persuaded the Council to adopt a Cumulative Impact Policy (CIP) to restrict the licensing of any more premises within the liquor-saturated Town. Even so, in January 2015 the Council's liberal-minded Licensing Committee chose to ignore the CIP and police protestations, and granted a Town club a licence to sell liquor up to 3am....seven days a week.

But bad cultural habits don't die out, they merely shift their ground. Thus the Baltic culture of outdoor drinking has since migrated to Wisbech's parks, playing fields and roadside verges, which are daily littered with drink cans, bottles, broken glass and food rubbish. Occasionally the police can be seen making early morning foot patrols, peering into bushes in search of drunk and rough-sleeping migrants. Nowadays the Town's alleyways are also being filled with human excrement from these night drinkers. In 2013/14 the Department for Communities & Local Government funded a Fenland Crime Reduction Initiative ('Eastern European Nationals Homelessness Project') whereby migrant 'outreach workers' provided rough-sleepers with information on housing and employment, and how to claim benefits. The cost to the taxpayer for this Initiative: £144,755.⁴¹

         16.

                                                                                                                                                                                                        

                       High crime.....Low policing

The influx of thousands of foreign migrants into Fenland was logically bound to send crime figures up. Apart from East European street drinking and gang fights, there's also their propensity for drunk-driving, uninsured driving, having road accidents and then running off, and for carrying knives everywhere.⁴²  Then there's the daily hazard of dodging all their pavement cyclists who make civil life in Wisbech just that little bit more uncivilized.

Foot-patrolling policemen, even PCSOs, are a rarity in Wisbech, hence the risible attempt to deter potential miscreants by leaving cardboard cut-outs of a 1970's copper, replete with tall helmet, standing in shop doorways.

The Fenland Community Safety Partnership's report for 2013 recorded 392 anti-social/violent incidents in Chatteris, 692 in March, 428 in Whittlesey......and 1,554 in Wisbech.

2007-13......... Fenland crimes occurring in Wisbech increased from 46% to 58%

2012-13......... 86.6% of the district's 329 foreign offenders came from Wisbech.      

2012-13......... 26.5% of crimes detected in Wisbech were by foreign nationals.⁴³

Currently two-thirds of locally recorded crimes remain unsolved, so the actual number of foreign criminals in the area is unknown. Also, an offender's nationality is not recorded in every case since the accused can refuse to divulge it, and frequently does so. Official statistics on 'non-UK' crime are therefore incomplete.....i.e. incorrect

               
   

                          Unlawfully  killed
                                               

Thirty years ago, heinous murder was rare in Fenland. Sadly those more benign days are long gone.  'Homicide and injuries inflicted by another person with intent to injure or kill by any means' is now more frequent in Fenland than anywhere else in Cambridgeshire, and half of them are in Wisbech.   

CAMBRIDGESHIRE MURDERS:  2001-2012 ⁴⁵

(1) Cambridge: 21       (2) Huntingdon :15       (3) South Cambridge :13      (4) East Cambridge :13   

(5) Fenland : 22   [11 murdered in Wisbech........four of them were East Europeans]

17.

                                                                                                                                                                                 

                         Comes the Reckoning

In December 2009, when London estate agents Strutt & Parker were urging Fenland Council to grant the Co-op permission for 108 mobile homes in which to cram 430 migrant workers, the agent's were in reality pushing against an open door, their raison d'etre being sheer music to the Council's ears: "The use of foreign labour is cost effective, puts minimum strain on local services, and provides a source of revenue into the local economy." ⁴⁶

Even though the Co-op's grand plan subsequently failed to materialise, the agent's arguments stand as a perfect exemplar of how large multinational companies have contrived with the Council to create and maintain an ultra low-wage economy in the Fens. But after the feast comes the reckoning. As every year passes it must be apparent to our Public Authorities that the stratagem of utilising masses of cheap foreign labour, not so as to augment the local workforce but to replace it, has been both grievously unjust to the Fenland populace, and economically flawed to boot. For whilst undoubtedly benefiting big business and their migrant workforce, it's costing everyone else an arm and a leg.

                          Costing the Country

Nobody knows how much the thousands of migrants in Fenland have cost the public purse so far, as no recipient of 'in-work' state benefits is asked about their nationality, which is plain daft, but it's bound to be a tidy sum. For a start there's the free NHS Medical and Maternity Care and the free School Education and Child Benefits that EU migrants automatically receive, plus the state Pensions for elderly migrants. There's also the Unemployment Benefits for non-working migrants, as well as the extra cost to the Police and the Courts & Prison Service of migrant offenders.

Concomitantly, there is the additional cost of having so many more Fenland people unemployed or on rock-bottom/part time wages and therefore needing a whole raft of Welfare Benefits & Allowances.  Add to that the personal and social cost of family breakdown and chronic physical and mental health, brought about by years of economic inactivity and poor living standards.

Being jobless or low waged is assuredly less painful in Britain that in Lithuania, Latvia or Poland, where unemployment benefit is only granted after a qualifying period of 12-18 months, and housing benefit is non-existent. What sensible EU migrant, therefore, when their seasonal job in Fenland comes to an end, wouldn't want to collect £71.70 a week Jobseekers Allowance? Or if lodged in a cramped and over-priced Wisbech multi-let, what badly paid migrant would pass up their entitlement to £89.74 a week in Housing Benefit?  It's an obvious no-brainer.

TAXATION,  REPAYMENTS  &  TAX CREDITS

In 2013/14 all but 5% of national Income Tax was derived from PAYE receipts.

Since 2002/03 these receipts have risen by 35%, from £99.7 billion to £134.7 billion per year.

However, although UK's tax-paying migrants have undoubtedly contributed towards this increase, their annual wages in areas like Fenland are commonly below the PAYE Income Tax threshold (£10,000), hence the permanent posters at local recruitment agencies urging workers to "Claim your TAX back here". HMRC offices even deal with gangmasters claiming tax back on behalf of their entire foreign workforce. Between 2001-2007 Income Tax Repayments averaged £1.9 billion per year. In the six years since then the average has risen by almost 48% to £2.8 billion.  

In 2003 the introduction of Working Tax Credit and Child Tax Credit cost £3.9 billion. Five years later, policy changes increased the number of families entitled to tax credits, pushing the bill for 2008 to £5.6 billion. Since 2010 however, various post-recession policies, including a reduction in the upper income level and the removal of the second income threshold, have caused the annual costs of these Credits to fall by over 40%.⁴⁷

18.                                                               

 
                                     Costing the County  

County Council funding was needed to enlarge Wisbech's Peckover Primary School for an extra 120 places. An even bigger extension was built on the Orchards Infants, where already over half its 420 pupils are East European, ahead of a projected 50% increase in numbers by 2016. Temporary classrooms for 30 extra places have also had to be installed at Elm Primary and Nene Infant School.

By 2018 Lincolnshire's migrant-filled secondary schools will be unable to offer any more places to the hundreds of Wisbech children currently choosing to be schooled out of county, leaving Cambridgeshire facing a massive future bill for a whole new Secondary School in Fenland.⁴⁸ 

                          Impoverishing Wisbech

Imagine a flourishing English market town, most of its stable working population earning decent wages in regular full-time employment, spending locally and paying the tax man his full dues. Wisbech, alas, is no such happy valley. Its new foreign workforce is transitory, their poorly paid jobs intermittent, and their earnings and state benefits divided between here and abroad, while any amount of tax is claimed back annually. A Town where off-licenses and multinational industries thrive, yet its people remain impoverished. Fenland Council recently summed it up thus: 'Relative to other towns in Fenland, Wisbech suffers higher levels of deprivation, lower levels of disposable income, and higher levels of residents on benefits, and is characterised by comparatively low skills levels, poor educational attainment and worklessness' ⁵⁶

Cynical officialdom might sneer and say "it was ever thus" in Wisbech, the inference being that local people were the architects of their own misfortune. This couldn't be more untrue or unjust. Their impoverishment has come about, not because of what Wisbechians have failed to do for themselves, but because of the indifference, neglect and crass misjudgements of their Public Authorities, most critically in regard to their education, social environment and employment.

Only consider how Wisbech has been fleeced by these Public Authorities in recent decades, stripped bit-by-bit of so much that had formerly underpinned its urban status, cohesion and growth. It began in the early 1980s when the Authorities shrunk the Town's Hospital and closed the Maternity Unit. Then political ideology curtailed the Assisted Places Scheme which had enabled hundreds of less affluent Wisbech children to attend the Town's well-renowned independent Grammar School, so that nowadays only 4 local children enter the School each year, and none of their families is needy. Meanwhile the Town's failing Secondary School has been rebuilt twice, renamed three times, and placed in 'special measures' more than once during its recent multilingual past; which is quite probably why more than half its potential intake now prefer to be schooled elsewhere. Then in 2006, just when local youngsters needed it most, the Authorities shrunk their College of Further Education to almost nothing, only to rebuild it for £7.2m eight years later. This has, of course, nothing whatever to do with the huge £5.6m office block the Cambridge Authorities have built for themselves on part of the site, to house their myriad technocrats and local Social Services staff.

Hollowing out urban centres being de rigueur in the 1990s, the local Authority pedestrianised the Town Centre, while simultaneously sanctioning a mile-out-of-town Retail Park for a huge Tesco superstore and other multinationals. With its commercial heart thus by-passed, footfall in Wisbech reduced by half, leading to more shop closures and dereliction, and even fewer shoppers. Howbeit, a shiny new pawnbrokers has recently set up shop in the Market Square....bless. The same Authority has since overseen an even bigger and further-out-of-town Retail Park for a truly massive Tesco replete with fitness centre, several more big-name retailers, a giant multi-screen cinema and nearby housing estates: a satellite town in fact. Local Authorities also dismantled the Town's busy working Port, replacing it with a static marina and their own grandiose 'Boathouse Conference Centre', while downsizing their public Council Offices to a 'One Stop Shop'. Latterly the Main Post Office has been transferred to the back of a nearby gift shop, and both local Newspapers have decamped to other towns. Public Authorities have taken the Driving Test Centre away, as also the Magistrates Court & Custody Suite, leaving the adjoining Police Station, its opening hours already greatly reduced, in limbo after selling the entire premises to a property developer.

Having trashed their education and social infrastructure, the Authorities had no objection to the Townspeople's employment opportunities being wrecked as well, the overriding concern being to ensure the economic well-being of the business and farming fraternity, even if this meant transforming Wisbech into little more than a dormitory for thousands of indigent foreign workers.

If Wisbechians sense that the Town in which their forbears have lived for generations has lost its identity and doesn't belong to them any more, and that nobody in Authority gives a damn what they think or feel about it.......are they wrong?

********************************************************************                                                                                                                                      

                                                                                             'Trebuchet'                

1               Office of National Statistics, (ONS)Censuses 1981-2001

2   Office of Population, Censuses and Surveys, Population  Estimates,1985 and  Population Trends 1990

3              'Young People and the Labour Market, A Challenge of the 1990s'   National Economic Development Office and 

                  Training Commission (11.7.1988)     

4               Oxford Migration Observatory Unit, reported in The Sunday Telegraph  (11 May 2014)

5               ONS  2011 Census, Country of Birth, Table QS203EW

6               ONS (NOMIS) 2011 Census, Country of birth by ethnic group,  Table LC2205EW

7   Fenland District Council (F.D.C.)  Fenland Migrant Population Strategy 2007-2010, Sept 2007

8     F.D.C.  (Oct. 2013)  Fenland Diverse Communities Forum, Community Cohesion, Strategy Statement

9     Migration Impacts Fund,  Department for Communities and Local Government  (F.O.I. 30.10.13)

10   Rogue Landlords Fund,  Department for Communities and Local Government  (Jan. 2014)  

11 Cambridgeshire County Council (30.8.13) Migrant Impact Fund

12   Fenland District Council   (Sept 2007)  Fenland Migration Population Strategy 2007-2010

13   ONS Censuses 1961-91

15 Cambridgeshire County Council  (Oct. 2013) Cambridgeshire Population and Dwelling Stock Estimates: mid-2012 

16   F.D.C   Fenland Index of Multiple Deprivation 2010

17 Wisbech Standard (21.10.05) 'A quarter of Wisbech is made up of  foreign migrant workers'

18   Mott MacDonald, March 2014  'Wider Economic benefits of a Rail Service between March and Wisbech'

14   ONS (NOMIS) 2011 Census, Country of birth by ethnic group,  Table LC2205EW

19   Queen Elizabeth Hospital, King's Lynn. Maternities and Terminations 2006-11

20   NHS General Practitioner Registration data for Wisbech, July 2013

21   Cambridgeshire County Council, Fenland Schools 2006-14 

22   F.D.C.  Fenland Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) 2010

23   Cambridgeshire County Council  Primary & Infant Schools in Wisbech  (10 July 2014)

24   Cambridgeshire County Council  Review of Secondary Education in Fenland  (Feb 2014)

25   Wikipedia Healthcare in Europe 29 May 2013

26   F.D.C.  Fenland Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) 2010

27   Practice Managers (May/July 2012) : Trinty Surgery, North Brink Surgery, Clarkson Surgery

28   NHS Cambridgeshire Community Services:  North Cambs Hospital Staffing and Admissions, April 2010-Oct 2012

29   F.D.C.  (24 July 2013)

30   Police Insp. Robin Sissons quoted in the Wisbech Standard 7 June 2013

30   Wisbech Stanard report: 'Operation Pheasant wins national award'  20 March 2015

31   F.D.C.  (21 May 2012,  10 July 2013,  17 Feb 2015)

                   F.D.C. Cabinet Review of the Council's Letting Policy, (20 December 2012)   

41 Department for Communities & Local Government (27 Nov. 2014)

32   F.D.C.  Fenland Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) 2010

33   Worker's pay slip from HL Foods, Sutton (8.8.1998) 

34   Worker's pay slip from  Pinguin Foods UK Ltd, Wisbech  (20.5.2008)

35   Wisbech Standard 4 Dec '09 : 'Co-op plans major fresh fruit farm'

36   Research institute, Centre for Cities, reported in The Times (Job News) (16 March 2009)

37   ONS  Annual Population Survey  (Unemployment level/rate among 16 -24s, in Fenland local authority, 2006-2013)

38   F.D.C. (19.12 2012) Wisbech Cumulative Impact Zone

39   F.D.C.  Licensing Officer  (8.1.13)

41   Department for Communities & Local Government (27 Nov. 2014)

42   F. D.C.  Migrant Population Strategy 2007-2010 , (Sept 2007)

43   Cambridgeshire Constabulary.  (15 July 2013)

44   Ibid

45   Cambridgeshire Constabulary,   (21 August 2013)

                   ONS:  (Table 1  Deaths by assault, Cambridgeshire)  (4 February 2014)

46 Wisbech Standard, 4 Dec '09 : 'Co-op plans major fresh fruit farm' (Neil Culkin, Head of Planning, Strutt & Parker)

47   HM Revenue & Customs, National Statistics  (19.12.2014)

48   Cambridgeshire County Council, Children & Young People's Services: 'Education Provision in Wisbech' 17.4.13

49   Cambridgeshire County Council (6.6.14 / 10.7.14)

50   Cambridgeshire County Council  (21.5.2012)

52   FDC 6 January 2015

51   Cambridgeshire County Council : Written Answer 14 Oct 2014

53   Cambridgeshire Constabulary   (21 August 2013)

54   Ministry of Justice   (27 March 2014)

55   F.D.C.  (16 October 2013)

56   F.D.C. Neighbourhood Planning Vision (2011), and Core Strategy (2012)

VICTORIA GILLICK has produced a lengthy and detailed report on the effects of immigration on Wisbech. You may not agree with her conclusions, but all her statistics have been collected via Freedom of Information requests. As stated in earlier blogs, I neither endorse nor refute anything in the report. It is up to you, the reader, to come to your own conclusions. I have been hosting her report in installments, but if you wish to downloaded a copy of the complete document, you can do so from this link. It is a Microsoft Word document.

The Gillick Report

THE GILLICK REPORT - PART SIX

                                       Unsocial housing

Wisbech had nothing like enough properties to house the thousands of migrant workers. Not decently anyway. Soon enough though, an unpleasant breed of gangmaster/landlord came crawling out of the woodwork to take advantage of the situation, buying up all the available housing stock and packing migrants into every nook and cranny. One had a portfolio of over 500 Wisbech properties.²⁹ In 2007 there were at least 500 Houses of Multiple Occupation (HMOs) in the Town, but within six years the numbers had doubled, housing at least 7,000 East Europeans.³⁰

Local people couldn't tolerate living like this, let alone afford the rack-rents being charged. Nor should they be expected to, even in extremis. After all, didn't we outlaw this kind of 'Rachmanism' back in the 1950s?

The whole nasty business was eventually investigated in 2012 by Operation Pheasant, a multi-agency task force comprising Police and Fire services, HM Revenue & Customs, the Gangmaster Licensing Authority, UK Border Agency, UK Human Trafficking Centre and Fenland Council.   

A year later, Operation Endeavour delved further into the racketeering activities of gangmaster-landlords. Since then, an inspection of 490 properties has unearthed 216 cases of illegal practices, eleven cases of human trafficking, including five sham marriages, and 159 benefit offences. So far a total of 205 migrants have received help and rehousing by the Council and the Salvation Army, while a total of 53 people have been voluntarily repatriated.  These ongoing police operations were assisted by a grant of £178,600 from the government's Rogue Landlord Fund.³⁰

                                             Housing problems

According to the Council's Index of Multiple Deprivation, the average price of a Fenland home at the turn of the Millennium was £89,954. The ongoing demand for foreign worker accommodation subsequently generated a growing market in 'buy-to-let' properties, especially in Wisbech where these could be easily financed by shoehorning high-rental migrants into them. This led to a general house price inflation, so that by 2011 the average price had risen 59% and a Fenland home now cost £152,465. 

Although this was still the lowest average price in Cambridgeshire, it was nearly six times the average gross income in Fenland.

Finding accommodation in Wisbech was made even more difficult for local people when private landlords began refusing them tenancy of any house, flat or bed-sit, preferring instead to have multiple foreign tenants whom they could charge extortionate 'per-person' rents. 

 

 

                                           Social housing

Renting or buying decent affordable homes in the private sector was soon well beyond the pockets of hard-pressed Fen families. More and more of them were therefore obliged to turn  to the Council for social housing, almost half of the applicants coming from Wisbech.

In November 2007 Fenland Council sold its stock of 3,779 social houses to Roddon Housing Association (Circle) for between £2,000 and £3,700 each. Although there were many other Associations offering such housing, Roddon remained the main provider for the Council overall.

Between 2008-12 the Fenland waiting list for Roddon homes had increased from 1,802 to 3,033.

Meanwhile in 2010 the Government had passed the Localism Act and the Equality Act, giving District Councils greater flexibility in deciding who should be accepted on the housing list and whom to prioritise.....irrespective of nationality. Three years later the waiting list had reduced to 1,315, with the proportion of foreign migrants being housed increasing substantially.

In 2010 there were 250 households allocated to Roddon's Housing, of which 31 (12.4%) were immigrants from Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Slovakia. A further 54 East Europeans were housed the following year. In 2012 the number was 42 (14.7%), rising to 75 (22.1%) in 2013.³¹

In those four years alone a total of 202 migrant households were given priority over local families. Sounds reasonable, does it?

                                            Homeless

Between 2011-14 the Government poured £20 million into a Homelessness Transition Fund to "protect vital frontline services". Cambridgeshire got £586,863 of it, of which Fenland received £144,755 for its Eastern European Nationals Homelessness Project.

The Ferry Project's emergency night shelter in Wisbech received £274,000 from the Fund. ⁴¹   

13.

                                         The lowest wages

Fenland is by far and away the poorest area in Cambridgeshire. In 2011, when average gross weekly earnings across the region were £500, they were 20% lower in Fenland at £400.50.³²

Back in August 1998, a 19 year-old student working a 49-hour week in a Fenland food-processing factory was paid a basic day rate of £4.33 per hour, plus time-and-a-half for eleven hours night shift. After deducting £25.70 for his National Insurance, the student's take-home pay was £282.50.³³

The National Minimum Wage was introduced the following year at £3.68 an hour for 16-17 year-olds, £4.88 for 18-20s, and £6.08 for the over-21s. However, the chronic labour shortage at that time had obliged Fenland businesses to pay far more than this bare minimum. During the harvest months of the Millennium year for instance, 18 year-olds were earning a basic rate of over £8 per hour in many Fenland factories, rising to £13 per hour for the arduous night shifts.

Four years later, as thousands of East European workers began pouring into Fenland, factory bosses  immediately slashed wages by half, with no differential for day and night shifts. Long-standing local workers, still on the higher rates, were then given a bleak choice: take a pay cut, or go.

Those aged 18-21 were hit especially hard by the Minimum Wage, having to do an adult's work for a sub-adult's pay, which in 2013 still only amounted to £4.98 an hour.³⁴

Gangmasters, or 'recruitment agents' as the new breed now called themselves, quickly stepped in and took almost complete control of the local labour market, deducting punitive fees from the foreign workers for transport and a host of other spurious costs, while also taking rental for the unspeakable 'multi-lets' they kept them in. A large and permanent poster in the agencies' windows reminding migrants to 'Claim your TAX back here', was another source of gangmaster income: charging a percentage fee for presenting their worker's P60 tax rebate forms to the Inland Revenue.

In 2008 an adult Lithuanian was paid £5.52 an hour for a 40-hour week in a Wisbech food factory. After deducting £23.20 Tax and £12.70 National Insurance, his take-home pay was just £184.90.  Like so many migrants, this particular individual probably worked for part of the year, and then went back to his home country for two or three weeks before returning to start work again, thus allowing him to claim his tax back for the entire year. 

                                        Displaced altogether

Before long the Government had introduced the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Scheme (SAWS), whereby local employers were able to import an entire foreign workforce for rock-bottom wages. In 2009 the saintly Co-op was given the go-ahead by Fenland Council to build 108 mobile homes and a communal centre on its farm at Coldham near March, to house 430 newly imported and minimally paid migrants.³⁵ As it happened the scheme never actually went ahead, and by 2014 the Co-op's dire national finances led to the sale of all its farms businesses to the Wellcome Trust.

                                                 

In 2013 Peter Kendall, president of the National Farmers' Union, told sugar beet growers at the East of England Show that farming had created 11,000 more jobs since 2009.³⁶

Well maybe so, Mr Kendall, but since most gangmaster/agencies operated an unofficial policy of hiring 'migrants only', very few of those jobs went to Fenland folk. If a job-hunter wasn't East European they were unlikely even to get on an agency's books. Or if they did, they had to be bilingual since most of their fellow workers either couldn't, or wouldn't, speak English.

Fenland Council's Migration Population Strategy stated the obvious in 2007 when it observed:

'...The total labour market is increasing, so is unemployment, and the rise in part time work has levelled off. This may be a sign that, to some extent, migrant labour has replaced local labour.

TO BE CONTINUED